Treated seed has undergone a process, either chemical, biological, or physical, to protect it from seed or soil borne pathogens and improve crop establishment. Treatments may include fungicides, pesticides, or methods like hot water to defend against pests and diseases during early growth. This is not the same as seed coating, which often refers to physical layers added for handling or spacing. The goal of seed treatment is to give young seedlings the best possible start by minimizing threats before and during germination.